Common Types

• Thermosetting resins include polyesters, epoxies, vinyl esters, phenolics and polyurethanes, according to the American Composites Manufacturer's Association. Each has characteristics making it more suited for one type of application over another, ranging from construction to high-tech manufacturing to art. However, all are used to strengthen or increase the durability of something else, be it during the creative process or as a protectant.
  
  

Polyesters

• Thermosetting polyester resins should not be confused with the thermoplastic resins of the same name known for their use in textiles. Polyesters can be chemically tailored to suit particular applications and are used as a stabilizer in molded products for a wide range of industries. In fact, the ACMA estimates that polyesters account for 75 percent of resins used. They are mixed with a catalyst and poured into molds, often with colorants or inclusions added, to form products such as kitchenware and home decor items.
  
  

Epoxies

• Epoxy resins are much like polyester resins but with less shrinkage and odor. The also are used in molded industrial products and as a strengthener in fibrous materials like fiber glass. They can, however, be more difficult to work with and less durable than polyester resins. Epoxy resins are also used by artisans and crafters to make hard molded objects or as the final sealant on a handcrafted item such as a woodcut or pendant.
  
  

Vinyl Esters and Phenolics

• Vinyl esters are much like epoxy resins but with a faster cure rate. They are used in molding or sealing products that require corrosion resistance, like electrical components. Phenolics are used as adhesives in products that require a high resistance to extreme temperatures. Products manufactured with phenolics include automotive brake linings, circuit boards and engineered hardwoods.
  
  

Polyurethanes

• Polyurethanes are used primarily as protective coatings, adhesives or insulating foams. They are tough, cure rapidly and bond to a many different surfaces. Applications include use in solid tires, exterior building finishes, structural sandwich panels, car bumper components, structural or concrete patches and protective coatings for furniture, flooring, or other home elements.