Geography

• The United States is broken up into hardiness zones, or areas separated by 10 degree Fahrenheit winter temperatures. Fortunately for potato lovers, spuds are capable of growing within the rich soils of all 10 USDA hardiness zones. However, planting times are different in each zone, depending on the temperature of the soil. According to Seed Saver's Exchange, potato plants will not begin the growth process until soil temperatures rise to 45 degrees Fahrenheit.
  
  

Features

• Soil features are crucial for planting potatoes. The soil plot not only should rest in a location that contains full sun but also should have good drainage. Soil locations that tend to flood or contain puddles of water will not suffice for potato growing. If you are unsure of your soil's drainage, test it. Simply dig a hole 18 inches deep and fill it with water. If the hole is empty when you come back in 24 hours, consider your soil to be draining well.
  
  

Types

• Soil types vary throughout the country. The University of Illinois explains that the difference in soil alkalinity and acidity, measured in pH, or potential hydrogen, can have serious consequences on plants that prefer either acidic soil (3.5 to 6.5 pH) or alkaline soil (7.4 to 9.0 pH). Potatoes prefer a more neutral soil with a pH between 5.0 and 7.0, so soil that is too acidic or alkaline undermines growth. A soil testing kit can help determine soil pH before planting.
  
  

Considerations

• If you have tested your soil pH and it does not meet the preferred requirements for growing potatoes, you need to consider an amendment. Agricultural lime applied to loosened soil will raise a pH below 5.0. However, soil with a pH above 7.0 will require the addition of peat moss before potato planting. The packing label of the required amendment usually lists allocation amounts and application recommendations.
  
  

Warning

• Standing water promotes root rot and will eventually kill your potato plants before they have a chance to produce. Like most vegetables, potatoes need at least 1 inch of water every week to thrive. Rain, in combination with supplemental watering, accomplishes this. Moist soil, favored over soaked soil, yields a bountiful harvest. To prevent oversaturating the soil, check moisture level before watering. If the soil feels moist when you press your fingers down 1 inch, do not add more water.