Definition: Halicarnassus was the hometown of the father of history, Herodotus, and the capital of Caria ruled by Queen Artemisia, who led her troops against the Greeks in the Persian War. Bodrum is the modern name of the town that lies at the northern end of the Ceramic Gulf of the Aegean Sea, in Turkey. Bodrum was built on the ruins of Halicarnassus in 1402.