What Happened in American History Between 1821 and 1830
1821
- The US Congress votes a second time on the Missouri Compromise and admits Missouri into the union as a slave state bringing the count to 12 free and 12 slave states.
- The case Cohens v. Virginia reaffirms the right of higher federal courts to review lower court cases.
- On the 5th of March, James Monroe is inaugurated for his second term.
- Future President Andrew Jackson is appointed governor of Florida.
- The first college level female school is established in New York by the Emma Williard Foundation.
- Future President Martin Van Buren leads a radical group in the New York state constitutional convention that removes most property qualifications for voting in the state.
- The republic of Liberia is established as a safe haven for freed slaves.
1822
- President Monroe vetoes the Cumberland Road Tolls Bill on the grounds that he thinks the federal government lacks the authority over public improvements.
- In the south, stricter slave control is instituted as a result of the failed slave uprising of Denmark Vesey.
- Simon Bolivar is recognized as the head of Gran Columbia an areas comprising Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela.
- A portion of the Erie Canal is opened connecting Rochester to Albany.
- On 12 December, the US officially recognizes Mexico as an independent nation.
1823
- President Monroe issues the Monroe Doctrine in his annual address to Congress.
1824
- In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court rules only the federal government has jurisdiction over interstate commerce.
- In Osborn v. Bank of the United States, the Supreme Court rules a state cannot tax the Bank of the United States.
- Russia and the United States sign a treaty that establishes the southern limit of Russian territory in North America.
- The Tariff Act of 1824 is adopted to protect American industry.
- The Bureau of Indian Affairs is established.
- Marquise de Lafayette spends a year touring the nation.
- No candidates get the majority of votes in the election of 1824. The election is sent to the House of Representatives.
1825
- The House decides for John Quincy Adams to be president. This becomes known as the 'Corrupt Bargain'.
- The Erie Canal is completed.
1826
- The Creek Indians cede part of their Georgian territory to the United States.
- The American Society for the Promotion of Temperance, the first of its kind, is founded in Boston.
- On July 4th, Thomas Jefferson and John Adams die within hours of each other.
- The Anti-Masonic part is founded. This is the earliest instance of a third party in the United States.
- The first American railroad is completed.
- Supporters of Andrew Jackson win the majority in both houses of Congress in the mid-term elections.
1827
- In Martin v. Mott, the Supreme Court decides that only the President has the power to mobilize state militias for national needs.
- A pact is made between Great Britain and the United States continuing their joint ownership of Oregon.
- The Creek Indians cede the rest of their Georgia lands to the United States.
1828
- The United States and Mexico sign a treaty that sets the boundary at the Sabine River.
- Noah Webster publishes the American Dictionary of the English Language.
- The Tariff of Abominations is signed into law. Later in the year, John C. Calhoun advocates nullification, meaning that a state should have the right to decide a law is unconstitutional because of this tariff.
- Andrew Jackson is elected President.
- The United States signs a peace treaty with Brazil.
- Georgia declares the laws of the Cherokee to have no standing after 1830.
1829
- Andrew Jackson attempts to purchase Texas from Mexico but is rejected.
1830
- Daniel Webster enters into a debate over states versus national rights. Webster delivers a famous speech supporting the idea that states only have power because of the Constitution.
- The Book of Mormon is published by Joseph Smith.
- Mexico prohibits US citizens from colonizing Texas.
- Andrew Jackson vetoes the Maysville Road Bill because he feels the federal government should not pay for improvements only related to one state.
- Andrew Jackson signs the Indian Removal Act.
- Most of present day Iowa, Missouri, and Minnesota are ceded to the United States by various Native American tribes.
- The first American built locomotive is put into operation.
- The Choctaw Indians cede approximately eight million acres of land to the United States in exchange for land in Oklahoma.
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