Coffee Consumption and the Risk of Gallstone Disease
Coffee Consumption and the Risk of Gallstone Disease
After tea, coffee is the most widespread beverage consumed in the world, and, has been suggested to influence gallstone formation by stimulating cholecystokinin release, enhancing gall-bladder contractility, and decreasing cholesterol crystallisation in bile. However, epidemiologic evidence regarding the relationship between coffee consumption and gallstone disease has been inconsistent. Some studies have found a protective effect of coffee consumption on the risk of gallstones, whereas other studies could not confirm an association. Some have even observed a statistically significant positive association between coffee and gallstone risk. In addition, the influence of sex on the relationship between coffee consumption and gallstone disease is unclear.
Considering the high prevalence of gallstone disease and widespread coffee consumption in the general population, any association between coffee and gallstone risk would have significant clinical and public health relevance. However, there are no systematic and quantitative assessments of published findings on this issue. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to investigate the potential effect of coffee consumption on risk of gallstone disease.
Background
After tea, coffee is the most widespread beverage consumed in the world, and, has been suggested to influence gallstone formation by stimulating cholecystokinin release, enhancing gall-bladder contractility, and decreasing cholesterol crystallisation in bile. However, epidemiologic evidence regarding the relationship between coffee consumption and gallstone disease has been inconsistent. Some studies have found a protective effect of coffee consumption on the risk of gallstones, whereas other studies could not confirm an association. Some have even observed a statistically significant positive association between coffee and gallstone risk. In addition, the influence of sex on the relationship between coffee consumption and gallstone disease is unclear.
Considering the high prevalence of gallstone disease and widespread coffee consumption in the general population, any association between coffee and gallstone risk would have significant clinical and public health relevance. However, there are no systematic and quantitative assessments of published findings on this issue. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to investigate the potential effect of coffee consumption on risk of gallstone disease.
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