Causes

• The root cause of irritable bowel syndrome remains unclear, hence the term syndrome. A syndrome, according to the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse, refers to a "group of symptoms." It is a condition that affects the colon, which is the part of the intestines that handle stool. Functionally, the problem is thought to be a matter of extra sensitivity in the nerves and muscles that control the function of the bowel. Stress, medications and some foods are believed to exacerbate the condition.
  
  

Diagnosis

• Diagnosis of IBS usually begins with doctor's visit. There is a set of diagnostic criteria, referred to as the ROME criteria, which can assist doctors in diagnosing IBS. The doctor will likely order blood tests and get X-rays done of the patient's lower intestine. These X-rays are called a lower gastrointestinal series. In some cases, a colonoscopy may also be performed.
  
  

Dietary Changes

• One of the major methods of treatment for IBS is dietary changes. Doctors know that certain foods are likely to make IBS worse and recommend limiting or eliminating them entirely. Foods that are high in fat, such as french fries, dairy products (milk, cheese), and chocolate are usually eliminated. Drinks that contain alcohol, caffeine and carbonation also are problematic and should be limited or eliminated. Foods such as apples, peaches, broccoli, peas and whole grain breads and cereals usually help to improve IBS.
  
  

Medications

• Another method of treatment that can be employed is medication. Low dose antidepressants have shown positive results in reducing the occurrence or intensity of IBS symptoms. In cases of constipation, laxatives may be recommended to ease bowel movements in the short term, though long term-use can lead to dependency. Antispasmodic medications also can help to limit colon spasms and stomach pain. All medications have potential side effects that warrant discussion with a doctor.
  
  

Stress Reduction

• A final treatment option that doctors recommend is stress reduction. As stress tends to be personal, there are no certain fixes to stress. Doctors often recommend regular exercise as a means of stress regulation. Other methods that can be effective include meditation and hypnosis. A counselor or therapist also can provide psychological support and provide personalized advice and strategies for reducing stress.